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Keeping notes on various [[3D_printers|FDM printing]] filaments here. Prices are per kilogram spool unless stated otherwise. Printing was done on a [[Bambu Carbon X1C]] unless stated otherwise.
Keeping notes on various [[3D_printers|FDM]] filaments here. The glass transition temperature is ideal for annealling. I've got a [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1surO5110gAQma4BO38waBnLA4icsbnwu-0_cXczXyfo/edit?usp=sharing Google Sheet] now chronicling experience with individual filaments.


==Polylactic acid (PLA)==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiffness Stiffness] is the resistance to deformation in response to an applied [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics) stress].
* Bambu silky green 2024-06 $25: beautiful results
** Stress is proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the area on which it acts.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_modulus Young's modulus] measures stiffness when a force is applied lenghtwise.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength Tensile strength] measures how much stress can be applied stretching/pulling the material before it fractures.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charpy_impact_test Charpy test] measures the amount of energy material can absorb at a high strain rate without fracturing (an impact test).
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_modulus bending modulus] (flexural modulus) is the ratio of stress to strain--the tendency of a material to resist bending.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicat_softening_point Vicat temperature] describes the regime in which the material becomes "soft".
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition glass transition] describes the regime in which the material becomes viscous.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point melting point] describes the regime in which the material decidedly ceases to be solid.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_deflection_temperature heat deflection temperature] for a given load specifies the temperature at which the material, subjected to that load, begins to deform.


==Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)==
==Qualitative comparisons==
* Overture 95A green 2024-06 $30: stringy as hell
Manufacturers employ additives to change the properties of their filaments, which I don't attempt to address here. Properties may change across different batches of the same filament. These are very rough comparisons based off oral wisdom.


==Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)==
* <b>Impact strength:</b> ASA > ABS > PC > PETG > PLA
* Bambu black/green 2024-06 $14 (4kg @ $56): solid workhorse
* <b>Tensile strength:</b> PA >> PC >> ASA > ABS/PETG > PLA
===High impact polystyrene (HIPS)===
* <b>UV resistance:</b> ASA > ABS
Support material for ABS/PET, dissolvable
* <b>"Chemical" resistance:</b> PETG > ABS
* Bambu green Support-G $80 ($40/.5kg): expensive!
* <b>Melting temp:</b> PC > ASA > PETG > ABS >> PLA
* <b>Heat resistance:</b> PC > ASA > ABS > PETG > PLA
* <b>Printing speed:</b>
* <b>Offensiveness (odor, VOCs while printing):</b> ABS > ASA, PA, PC
* <b>Acetone postprocessing:</b> ASA/ABS only
* <b>Ease of sanding:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Ease of painting:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Tendency to warp:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PLA > PETG
* <b>Hygroscopicity:</b> PA/TPU > PC/PETG > ABS/ASA > PLA
* <b>Filament density:</b> PETG/PLA > ABS/ASA
* <b>Hotend temp required:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PETG > PLA
* <b>Cost:</b> PPS > PA > PC > ASA > ABS/PETG/PLA


==Acrylic styrene acrylonitrile (ASA)==
When it comes to polyamides (nylons), PA-12 is less susceptible to hydrolysis than PA-6, more flexible, less resistant to high temperatures, and much more expensive. PA-66 is generally more resistant to high temperatures and hydrolysis than PA-6, and slightly more expensive.
* Atomic Filaments black 2024-06 $19 (7kg @ $130): lay the first layer at 105, and remaining layers at 115.


==Polycarbonate (PC)==
==Tables==
* Bambu clear black 2024-06 $40: befouled my .4mm hotend. Very lovely when it prints.
These data come from the manufacturers' websites and datasheets, and have not been verified. Different manufacturers report different data. These tables are not exhaustive. I have provided price in terms of USD per kilogram based on the size closest to 1kg, but many of these filaments do not have a 1kg product. I really like AtomicFilament, but I sure do wish they would publish more technical specs.
** warping at 115, stick to builtin 110


==Polyamide Nylon (PA)==
* Atomic Filaments black


==Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)==
===Overture===
===Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG)===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
* Atomic Filaments black Carbon Fiber: result is very tough
! Filament !! Print temp (℃) !! Print speed (mm/s) !! Density (g/cm³) !! Tensile strength XY (MPa) !! MSRP ($/kg)
* Bambu Support-W (breakaway PLA support) $70 ($35/.5kg): works well enough, expensive
|-
| [https://overture3d.com/products/overture-tpu-filament-1-75mm TPU 95A] || 210–230 || 20–40 || 1.18 || 30.1±3.7 || 27
|-
| [https://overture3d.com/products/nylon-3d-printing-filament-overture Easy Nylon] || 245–260 || 30–70 || 1.12 || 71.3±2.1 || 34
|-
|}


==Bambu filaments parameter table==
===Polymaker===
{| wikiclass="table" border="1"
Few relevant data are specified for Polymaker's PolyFlex TPU filaments.
! Parameter !! PLA Aero !! ASA !! ASA Aero
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! Filament !! Density (g/cm³) !! Glass transition (℃) !! Vicat softening (℃) !! Heat deflection (℃) !! Young's modulus XY (MPa) !!Young's modulus Z (MPa) !! Tensile strength XY (MPa) !! Tensile strength Z (MPa) !! Bending modulus XY (MPa) !! Charpy XY (kJ/m²) !! MSRP ($/kg)
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-pla PolyMax PLA] || 1.21 || 61 || 62 || 55 || 2151 || 1984 || 41 || 32 || 2393 || 39 || 30
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polylite-pla-pro PolyLite PLA Pro] || 1.23 || 62 || 63 || 59 || 2932 || 2633 || 50 || 37 || 2934 || 17 || 25
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polylite-abs PolyLite ABS] || 1.12 || 101 || 104 || 100 || 2247 || 2081 || 33 || 30 || 2127 || 18 || 22
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymaker-pc-abs PC-ABS] || 1.1 || 109 || 135 || 112 || 1835 || 1677 || 40 || 23 || 2081  || 26 || 50
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-pc PolyMax PC] || 1.19 || 113 || 117 || 114 || 2436 || 2150 || 53 || 41 || 2050 ||21 || 52
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-PC-FR PolyMax PC-FR] || 1.2 || 115 || 116 || 110 || 2634 || 2743 || 67 || 46 || 2518 || 11.7 || 55
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymaker-pc-pbt Polymaker PC-PBT] || 1.2 || 140 || 139 || 107 || 1849 || 1659 || 43 || 29 || 1934 || 21 || 55
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pet-cf17 Fiberon PET-CF17] || 1.34 || 79 || 238 || 148 || 5481 || 3559 || 66 || 28 || 4744 || 5 || 50
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa6-gf25 Fiberon PA6-GF25] || 1.2 || 70 || || 191 || 4431 || 3330 || 85 || 61 || 4637 || 17 || 60
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pps-cf10 Fiberon PPS-CF10] || 1.29 || 98 || 268 || 253 || 5314 || 2790 || 36 || 32 || 4647 || 5 || 140
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polylite-pc PolyLite PC] || 1.19 || 113 || 120 || 111 || 2497 || 2371 || 69 || 53 || 2640 || 4 || 30
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa6-cf20 Fiberon PA6-CF20] || 1.17 || 74 || || 215 || 7454 || 4355 || 105 || 68 || 8339 || 13 || 80
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa12-cf10 Fiberon PA12-CF10] || 1.06 || 55 || || 131 || 3304 || 1801 || 72 || 43 || 3535 || 13 || 140
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu90 PolyFlex TPU90] || 1.12 ||  || || || || 30.1 ± 2.4 || || || || || 40
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu95 PolyFlex TPU95] || 1.22 ||  || || || 33.6 ± 0.9 || || || || || || 30
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu95-hf PolyFlex TPU95-HF] || 1.16 ||  || || || || 26.6 ± 0.6 || || || || || 50
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pps-gf20 Fiberon PPS-GF20] || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-asa-cf08 ASA-CF08] || 1.09 || 106.6 || 110.8 || 97.3 || 3612 || 1904 || 44 || 25 || 3265 || 5.5 || 40
|-
|}
 
===Bambu===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! Parameter !! Print temp (℃) !! Print speed (mm/s) !! Filament density (g/cm³) !! Tensile strength (MPa) !! Breaking elongation rate !! Bending modulus (MPa) !! Bending strength (MPa) !! Impact strength (kJ/m²) !! Melt index (g/10min) !! Melting temp (℃ ) !! Heat deflection temp (℃ ) !! Vicat softening temp (℃) !! Flow rate ratio !! Foaming rate !! Vol. expansion ratio !! Print density (g/cm³)
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/petg-cf PETG-CF] || 240 - 270 || <200 || 1.25 || 35 ± 5 || 10.4 ± 0.6 || 2910 ± 260 || 70 ± 5 || 41.2 ± 2.6 || 19.3 ± 2.4 || 225 || 74 || 85 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pla-aero PLA Aero] || 210 - 260 || <180 || 1.21 || 24 ± 2 || 2.6 ± 0.7 || 1690 ± 120 || 45 ± 4 || 28.8 ± 1.3 || 7.7 ± 0.6 || 153 || 53 || 54 || 0.5-0.8 || 0-120 || 100 - 220 || 0.55 - 1.05
|-
|-
| Print temp C || 210-260 || 240-270 || 240-280
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/tpu-95a-hf TPU 95A HF] || 220 - 240 || <200 || 1.22 || 27.3 ± 0.8 || >650% || n/a || n/a || n/a || 36.5 ± 2.6 || 183 || n/a || n/a || || || ||  
|-
|-
| Print speed mm/s || <180 || <250 || <150
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-filament ASA] || 240 - 270 || <250 || 1.05 || 37 ± 3 || 9.2 ± 1.4 || 1920 ± 130 || 65 ± 5 || 41.0 ± 2.3 || 7.0 ± 0.8 || 210 || 100 || 106 || 0.93-0.97 || n/a || 102 || 1.03
|-
|-
| Flow rate ratio || 0.5-0.8 || 0.93-0.97 || 0.45-0.80
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-aero ASA Aero] || 240 - 280 || <150 || 0.99 || 32 ± 4 || 5.1 ± 1.6 || 1510 ± 120 || 58 ± 6 || 32.0 ± 2.5 || 1.56 ± 0.5 || 204 || 85 || 80 || 0.45-0.80 || 0-110 || 100 - 210 || 0.46 - 0.97
|-
|-
| Filament density g/cm³ || 1.21 || 1.05 || 0.99
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pc-filament PC] || 250 - 270 || <300 || 1.2 || 55 ± 4 || 3.8 ± 0.3 || 2310 ± 70 || 108 ± 4 || 34.8 ± 2.1 || 32.2 ± 2.9 || 228 || 117 || 119 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Foaming rate || 0-120% || n/a || 0-110%
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-filament ABS] || 240 - 270 || <300 || 1.05 || 33 ± 3 || 10.5 ± 1.0 || 1880 ± 110 || 62 ± 4 || 39 ± 3.6 || 34.2 ± 3.8 || 200 || 87 || 94 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Vol. expansion ratio || 100-220% || 102% || 100-210%
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/abs-gf ABS-GF] || 240 - 270 || <180 || 1.08 || 36 ± 3 || 6.3 ± 1.2 || 2860 ± 130 || 68 ± 4 || 14.5 ± 1.5 || 7.56 ± 1.4 || 202 || 99 || 103 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Print density g/cm³ || 0.55-1.05 || 1.03 || 0.46-0.97
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/petg-translucent PETG-Translucent] || 230 - 260 || <220 || 1.25 || 33 ± 4 || 8.2 ± 1.3 || 1610 ± 130 || 68 ± 3 || 37.4 ± 3.3 || 11.7 ± 1.5 || 228 || 74 || 79 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Tensile strength MPa || || || 32±4
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/products/petg-hf PETG-HF] || 230 - 260 || <300 || 1.28 || 34 ± 4 || 8.6 ± 1.2 || 2050 ± 120 || 64 ± 3 || 31.5 ± 2.2 || 28.2 ± 2.7 || 214 || 69 || 70 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Breaking elongation rate || || || 5.1% ± 1.6%
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pa6-cf PA6-CF] || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.09 || 102 ± 7 || 5.8 ± 1.6 || 5460 ± 280 || 151 ± 8 || 40.3 ± 2.5 || 6.8 ± 0.6 || 223 || 186 || 212 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Bending modulus MPa || || || 1510±120
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/ppa-cf PPA-CF] || 280 - 310 || <100 || 1.25 || 168 ± 4 || 3.2 ± 0.4 || 9860 ± 480 || 208 ± 6 || 41.7 ± 2.8 || 8.4 ± 0.7 || 258 || 227 || 232 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Bending strength MPa || || || 58±6
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pla-cf PLA-CF] || 210 - 240 || <200 || 1.22 || 38 ± 4 || 8.4 ± 3.2 || 3950 ± 190 || 89 ± 4 || 23.2 ± 3.7 || 3.7 ± 0.6 || 165 || 55 || 69 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Impact strength kJ/m² || || || 32.0±2.5  
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pps-cf PPS-CF] || 310 - 340 || <100 || 1.26 || 87 ± 5 || 1.2 ± 0.4 || 7160 ± 280 || 142 ± 5 || 27.8 ± 2.3 || 11.48 ± 1.23 || 284 || 264 || 268 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Melt index g/10min || || || 1.56 ± 0.5
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/paht-cf PAHT-CF] || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.06 || 92 ± 7 || 8.4 ± 1.8 || 4230 ± 210 || 125 ± 7 || 57.5 ± 3.4 || 14.4 ± 2.0 || 225 || 194 || 220 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Melting temp C || || || 204
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-cf ASA-CF] || 250 - 280 || <250 || 1.02 || 34 ± 3 || 9.6 ± 1.4 || 3740 ± 130 || 72 ± 5 || 14.0 ± 2.2 || 1.74 ± 0.3 || 210 || 110 || 108 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Heat deflection temp C || || || 85
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pa6-gf PA6-GF] || 260 - 290 || <130 || 1.14 || 75 ± 6 || 3.9 ± 0.8 || 3670 ± 140 || 120 ± 6 || 27.7 ± 2.2 || 9.0 ± 0.8 || 219 || 182 || 210 || || || ||
|-
|-
| Vicat softening temp C || || || 80
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pc-fr PC-FR] || 260 - 280 || <300 || 1.18 || 60 ± 4 || 2.4 ± 0.3 || 1890 ± 70 || 90 ± 4 || 55 ± 2.1 || 26.4 ± 2.7 || 225 || 113 || 114 || || || ||
|-
|-
|}
|}
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