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Keeping notes on various [[3D_printers|FDM printing]] filaments here.
Keeping notes on various [[3D_printers|FDM]] filaments here. The glass transition temperature is ideal for annealling. I've got a [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1surO5110gAQma4BO38waBnLA4icsbnwu-0_cXczXyfo/edit?usp=sharing Google Sheet] now chronicling experience with individual filaments.


The glass transition temperature is ideal for annealling.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiffness Stiffness] is the resistance to deformation in response to an applied [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics) stress].
 
** Stress is proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the area on which it acts.
I've got a [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1surO5110gAQma4BO38waBnLA4icsbnwu-0_cXczXyfo/edit?usp=sharing Google Sheet] now.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_modulus Young's modulus] measures stiffness when a force is applied lenghtwise.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength Tensile strength] measures how much stress can be applied stretching/pulling the material before it fractures.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charpy_impact_test Charpy test] measures the amount of energy material can absorb at a high strain rate without fracturing (an impact test).
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_modulus bending modulus] (flexural modulus) is the ratio of stress to strain--the tendency of a material to resist bending.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicat_softening_point Vicat temperature] describes the regime in which the material becomes "soft".
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition glass transition] describes the regime in which the material becomes viscous.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point melting point] describes the regime in which the material decidedly ceases to be solid.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_deflection_temperature heat deflection temperature] for a given load specifies the temperature at which the material, subjected to that load, begins to deform.


==Qualitative comparisons==
==Qualitative comparisons==
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* <b>Heat resistance:</b> PC > ASA > ABS > PETG > PLA
* <b>Heat resistance:</b> PC > ASA > ABS > PETG > PLA
* <b>Printing speed:</b>
* <b>Printing speed:</b>
* <b>Offensiveness (odor, VOCs while printing):</b> ABS > ASA, PC
* <b>Offensiveness (odor, VOCs while printing):</b> ABS > ASA, PA, PC
* <b>Acetone postprocessing:</b> ASA/ABS only
* <b>Acetone postprocessing:</b> ASA/ABS only
* <b>Ease of sanding:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Ease of sanding:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Ease of painting:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Ease of painting:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Tendency to warp:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PLA > PETG
* <b>Tendency to warp:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PLA > PETG
* <b>Hygroscopicity:</b> PA/TPU > PETG/ABS/ASA > PLA
* <b>Hygroscopicity:</b> PA/TPU > PC/PETG > ABS/ASA > PLA
* <b>Filament density:</b> PETG/PLA > ABS/ASA
* <b>Filament density:</b> PETG/PLA > ABS/ASA
* <b>Hotend temp required:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PETG > PLA
* <b>Hotend temp required:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PETG > PLA
* <b>Cost:</b> PPS > PA > PC > ASA > ABS/PETG/PLA
When it comes to polyamides (nylons), PA-12 is less susceptible to hydrolysis than PA-6, more flexible, less resistant to high temperatures, and much more expensive. PA-66 is generally more resistant to high temperatures and hydrolysis than PA-6, and slightly more expensive.
==Tables==
These data come from the manufacturers' websites and datasheets, and have not been verified. Different manufacturers report different data. These tables are not exhaustive. I have provided price in terms of USD per kilogram based on the size closest to 1kg, but many of these filaments do not have a 1kg product. I really like AtomicFilament, but I sure do wish they would publish more technical specs.


==Polymaker==
===Overture===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! Filament !! Glass transition ℃ !! Vicat softening ℃ !! Heat deflection ℃ !! Young's modulus XY !!Young's modulus Z !! Tensile strength XY !! Tensile strength Z !! Bending modulus XY !! Impact Strength XY !! Impact Strength Z
! Filament !! Print temp (℃) !! Print speed (mm/s) !! Density (g/cm³) !! Tensile strength XY (MPa) !! MSRP ($/kg)
|-
| [https://overture3d.com/products/overture-tpu-filament-1-75mm TPU 95A] || 210–230 || 20–40 || 1.18 || 30.1±3.7 || 27
|-
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymaker-pc-abs PC-ABS] || 109 || 135 || 112 || 1835 ± 65 || 1677 ± 94 || 39.9 ± 1.0 || 22.9 ± 1.2 || 2081 ± 106 || 13 ± 2|| 1.5 ± 0.2
| [https://overture3d.com/products/nylon-3d-printing-filament-overture Easy Nylon] || 245–260 || 30–70 || 1.12 || 71.3±2.1 || 34
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Bambu filaments parameter table==
===Polymaker===
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
Few relevant data are specified for Polymaker's PolyFlex TPU filaments.
! Parameter !! PLA Aero !! ASA !! ASA Aero !! PC !! ABS !! ABS-GF !! PETG-Trans !! PETG-HF !! PA6-CF !! PPA-CF !! PLA-CF !! PPS-CF !! PAHT-CF !! ASA-CF !! PA6-GF
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! Filament !! Density (g/cm³) !! Glass transition (℃) !! Vicat softening (℃) !! Heat deflection (℃) !! Young's modulus XY (MPa) !!Young's modulus Z (MPa) !! Tensile strength XY (MPa) !! Tensile strength Z (MPa) !! Bending modulus XY (MPa) !! Charpy XY (kJ/m²) !! MSRP ($/kg)
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-pla PolyMax PLA] || 1.21 || 61 || 62 || 55 || 2151 || 1984 || 41 || 32 || 2393 || 39 || 30
|-
|-
| Print temp ℃ || 210 - 260 || 240 - 270 || 240 - 280 || 250 - 270 || 240 - 270 || 240 - 270 || 230 - 260 || 230 - 260 || 260 - 290 || 280 - 310 || 210 - 240 || 310 - 340 || 260 - 290 || 250 - 280 || 260 - 290
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polylite-pla-pro PolyLite PLA Pro] || 1.23 || 62 || 63 || 59 || 2932 || 2633 || 50 || 37 || 2934 || 17 || 25
|-
|-
| Print speed mm/s || <180 || <250 || <150 || <300 || <300 || <180 || <220 || <300 || <100 || <100 || <200 || <100 || <100 || <250 || <130
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polylite-abs PolyLite ABS] || 1.12 || 101 || 104 || 100 || 2247 || 2081 || 33 || 30 || 2127 || 18 || 22
|-
|-
| Flow rate ratio || 0.5-0.8 || 0.93-0.97 || 0.45-0.80 || || || || || || || || || || || ||
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymaker-pc-abs PC-ABS] || 1.1 || 109 || 135 || 112 || 1835 || 1677 || 40 || 23 || 2081  || 26 || 50
|-
|-
| Filament density g/cm³ || 1.21 || 1.05 || 0.99 || 1.2 || 1.05 || 1.08 || 1.25 || 1.28 || 1.09 || 1.25 || 1.22 || 1.26 || 1.06 || 1.02 || 1.14
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-pc PolyMax PC] || 1.19 || 113 || 117 || 114 || 2436 || 2150 || 53 || 41 || 2050 ||21 || 52
|-
|-
| Foaming rate || 0-120 || n/a || 0-110 || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-PC-FR PolyMax PC-FR] || 1.2 || 115 || 116 || 110 || 2634 || 2743 || 67 || 46 || 2518 || 11.7 || 55
|-
|-
| Vol. expansion ratio || 100 - 220 || 102 || 100 - 210 || || || || || || || || || || || ||
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymaker-pc-pbt Polymaker PC-PBT] || 1.2 || 140 || 139 || 107 || 1849 || 1659 || 43 || 29 || 1934 || 21 || 55
|-
|-
| Print density g/cm³ || 0.55 - 1.05 || 1.03 || 0.46 - 0.97 || || || || || || || || || || || ||
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pet-cf17 Fiberon PET-CF17] || 1.34 || 79 || 238 || 148 || 5481 || 3559 || 66 || 28 || 4744 || 5 || 50
|-
|-
| Tensile strength MPa || 24 ± 2 || 37 ± 3 || 32 ± 4 || 55 ± 4 || 33 ± 3 || 36 ± 3 || 33 ± 4 || 34 ± 4 || 102 ± 7  || 168 ± 4 || 38 ± 4 || 87 ± 5 || 92 ± 7 || 34 ± 3 || 75 ± 6
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa6-gf25 Fiberon PA6-GF25] || 1.2 || 70 || || 191 || 4431 || 3330 || 85 || 61 || 4637 || 17 || 60
|-
|-
| Breaking elongation rate || 2.6 ± 0.7 || 9.2 ± 1.4 || 5.1 ± 1.6 || 3.8 ± 0.3 || 10.5 ± 1.0 || 6.3 ± 1.2 || 8.2 ± 1.3 || 8.6 ± 1.2 || 5.8 ± 1.6 || 3.2 ± 0.4 || 8.4 ± 3.2 || 1.2 ± 0.4 || 8.4 ± 1.8 || 9.6 ± 1.4 || 3.9 ± 0.8
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pps-cf10 Fiberon PPS-CF10] || 1.29 || 98 || 268 || 253 || 5314 || 2790 || 36 || 32 || 4647 || 5 || 140
|-
|-
| Bending modulus MPa || 1690 ± 120 || 1920 ± 130 || 1510 ± 120 || 2310 ± 70 || 1880 ± 110 || 2860 ± 130 || 1610 ± 130 || 2050 ± 120 || 5460 ± 280 || 9860 ± 480 || 3950 ± 190 || 7160 ± 280 || 4230 ± 210 || 3740 ± 130 || 3670 ± 140
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polylite-pc PolyLite PC] || 1.19 || 113 || 120 || 111 || 2497 || 2371 || 69 || 53 || 2640 || 4 || 30
|-
|-
| Bending strength MPa || 45 ± 4 || 65 ± 5 || 58 ± 6 || 108 ± 4 || 62 ± 4 || 68 ± 4 || 68 ± 3 || 64 ± 3 || 151 ± 8 || 208 ± 6 || 89 ± 4 || 142 ± 5 || 125 ± 7 || 72 ± 5 || 120 ± 6
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa6-cf20 Fiberon PA6-CF20] || 1.17 || 74 || || 215 || 7454 || 4355 || 105 || 68 || 8339 || 13 || 80
|-
|-
| Impact strength kJ/m² || 28.8 ± 1.3 || 41.0 ± 2.3 || 32.0 ± 2.5 || 34.8 ± 2.1 || 39 ± 3.6 || 14.5 ± 1.5 || 37.4 ± 3.3 || 31.5 ± 2.2 || 40.3 ± 2.5 || 41.7 ± 2.8 || 23.2 ± 3.7 || 27.8 ± 2.3 || 57.5 ± 3.4 || 14.0 ± 2.2 || 27.7 ± 2.2
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa12-cf10 Fiberon PA12-CF10] || 1.06 || 55 || || 131 || 3304 || 1801 || 72 || 43 || 3535 || 13 || 140
|-
|-
| Melt index g/10min || 7.7 ± 0.6 || 7.0 ± 0.8 || 1.56  ± 0.5 || 32.2 ± 2.9 || 34.2 ± 3.8 || 7.56 ± 1.4 || 11.7 ± 1.5 || 28.2 ± 2.7 || 6.8 ± 0.6 || 8.4 ± 0.7 || 3.7 ± 0.6 || 11.48 ± 1.23 || 14.4 ± 2.0 || 1.74 ± 0.3 || 9.0 ± 0.8
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu90 PolyFlex TPU90] || 1.12 ||  || || || || 30.1 ± 2.4 || || || || || 40
|-
|-
| Melting temp ℃ || 153 || 210 || 204 || 228 || 200 || 202 || 228 || 214 || 223 || 258 || 165 || 284 || 225 || 210 || 219
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu95 PolyFlex TPU95] || 1.22 || || || || 33.6 ± 0.9 || || || || || || 30
|-
|-
| Heat deflection temp ℃ || 53 || 100 || 85 || 117 || 87 || 99 || 74 || 69 || 186 || 227 || 55 || 264 || 194 || 110 || 182
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu95-hf PolyFlex TPU95-HF] || 1.16 || || || || || 26.6 ± 0.6 || || || || || 50
|-
|-
| Vicat softening temp ℃ || 54 || 106 || 80 || 119 || 94 || 103 || 79 || 70 || 212 || 232 || 69 || 268 || 220 || 108 || 210
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pps-gf20 Fiberon PPS-GF20] || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-asa-cf08 ASA-CF08] || 1.09 || 106.6 || 110.8 || 97.3 || 3612 || 1904 || 44 || 25 || 3265 || 5.5 || 40
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Bambu===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! Parameter !! Print temp (℃) !! Print speed (mm/s) !! Filament density (g/cm³) !! Tensile strength (MPa) !! Breaking elongation rate !! Bending modulus (MPa) !! Bending strength (MPa) !! Impact strength (kJ/m²) !! Melt index (g/10min) !! Melting temp (℃ ) !! Heat deflection temp (℃ ) !! Vicat softening temp (℃) !! Flow rate ratio !! Foaming rate !! Vol. expansion ratio !! Print density (g/cm³)
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/petg-cf PETG-CF] || 240 - 270 || <200 || 1.25 || 35 ± 5 || 10.4 ± 0.6 || 2910 ± 260 || 70 ± 5 || 41.2 ± 2.6 || 19.3 ± 2.4 || 225 || 74 || 85 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pla-aero PLA Aero] || 210 - 260 || <180 || 1.21 || 24 ± 2 || 2.6 ± 0.7 || 1690 ± 120 || 45 ± 4 || 28.8 ± 1.3 || 7.7 ± 0.6 || 153 || 53 || 54 || 0.5-0.8 || 0-120 || 100 - 220 || 0.55 - 1.05
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/tpu-95a-hf TPU 95A HF] || 220 - 240 || <200 || 1.22 || 27.3 ± 0.8 || >650% || n/a || n/a || n/a || 36.5 ± 2.6 || 183 || n/a || n/a || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-filament ASA] || 240 - 270 || <250 || 1.05 || 37 ± 3 || 9.2 ± 1.4 || 1920 ± 130 || 65 ± 5 || 41.0 ± 2.3 || 7.0 ± 0.8 || 210 || 100 || 106 || 0.93-0.97 || n/a || 102 || 1.03
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-aero ASA Aero] || 240 - 280 || <150 || 0.99 || 32 ± 4 || 5.1 ± 1.6 || 1510 ± 120 || 58 ± 6 || 32.0 ± 2.5 || 1.56 ± 0.5 || 204 || 85 || 80 || 0.45-0.80 || 0-110 || 100 - 210 || 0.46 - 0.97
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pc-filament PC] || 250 - 270 || <300 || 1.2 || 55 ± 4 || 3.8 ± 0.3 || 2310 ± 70 || 108 ± 4 || 34.8 ± 2.1 || 32.2 ± 2.9 || 228 || 117 || 119 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-filament ABS] || 240 - 270 || <300 || 1.05 || 33 ± 3 || 10.5 ± 1.0 || 1880 ± 110 || 62 ± 4 || 39 ± 3.6 || 34.2 ± 3.8 || 200 || 87 || 94 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/abs-gf ABS-GF] || 240 - 270 || <180 || 1.08 || 36 ± 3 || 6.3 ± 1.2 || 2860 ± 130 || 68 ± 4 || 14.5 ± 1.5 || 7.56 ± 1.4 || 202 || 99 || 103 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/petg-translucent PETG-Translucent] || 230 - 260 || <220 || 1.25 || 33 ± 4 || 8.2 ± 1.3 || 1610 ± 130 || 68 ± 3 || 37.4 ± 3.3 || 11.7 ± 1.5 || 228 || 74 || 79 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/products/petg-hf PETG-HF] || 230 - 260 || <300 || 1.28 || 34 ± 4 || 8.6 ± 1.2 || 2050 ± 120 || 64 ± 3 || 31.5 ± 2.2 || 28.2 ± 2.7 || 214 || 69 || 70 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pa6-cf PA6-CF] || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.09 || 102 ± 7 || 5.8 ± 1.6 || 5460 ± 280 || 151 ± 8 || 40.3 ± 2.5 || 6.8 ± 0.6 || 223 || 186 || 212 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/ppa-cf PPA-CF] || 280 - 310 || <100 || 1.25 || 168 ± 4 || 3.2 ± 0.4 || 9860 ± 480 || 208 ± 6 || 41.7 ± 2.8 || 8.4 ± 0.7 || 258 || 227 || 232 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pla-cf PLA-CF] || 210 - 240 || <200 || 1.22 || 38 ± 4 || 8.4 ± 3.2 || 3950 ± 190 || 89 ± 4 || 23.2 ± 3.7 || 3.7 ± 0.6 || 165 || 55 || 69 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pps-cf PPS-CF] || 310 - 340 || <100 || 1.26 || 87 ± 5 || 1.2 ± 0.4 || 7160 ± 280 || 142 ± 5 || 27.8 ± 2.3 || 11.48 ± 1.23 || 284 || 264 || 268 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/paht-cf PAHT-CF] || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.06 || 92 ± 7 || 8.4 ± 1.8 || 4230 ± 210 || 125 ± 7 || 57.5 ± 3.4 || 14.4 ± 2.0 || 225 || 194 || 220 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-cf ASA-CF] || 250 - 280 || <250 || 1.02 || 34 ± 3 || 9.6 ± 1.4 || 3740 ± 130 || 72 ± 5 || 14.0 ± 2.2 || 1.74 ± 0.3 || 210 || 110 || 108 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pa6-gf PA6-GF] || 260 - 290 || <130 || 1.14 || 75 ± 6 || 3.9 ± 0.8 || 3670 ± 140 || 120 ± 6 || 27.7 ± 2.2 || 9.0 ± 0.8 || 219 || 182 || 210 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pc-fr PC-FR] || 260 - 280 || <300 || 1.18 || 60 ± 4 || 2.4 ± 0.3 || 1890 ± 70 || 90 ± 4 || 55 ± 2.1 || 26.4 ± 2.7 || 225 || 113 || 114 || || || ||
|-
|}
[[CATEGORY: 3D Printing]]
[[CATEGORY: 3D Printing]]
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