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Keeping notes on various [[3D_printers|FDM]] filaments here. The glass transition temperature is ideal for annealling. I've got a [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1surO5110gAQma4BO38waBnLA4icsbnwu-0_cXczXyfo/edit?usp=sharing Google Sheet] now chronicling experience with individual filaments.
Keeping notes on various [[3D_printers|FDM]] filaments here. The glass transition temperature is ideal for annealling. I've got a [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1surO5110gAQma4BO38waBnLA4icsbnwu-0_cXczXyfo/edit?usp=sharing Google Sheet] now chronicling experience with individual filaments.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiffness Stiffness] is the resistance to deformation in response to an applied [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics) stress].
** Stress is proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the area on which it acts.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_modulus Young's modulus] measures stiffness when a force is applied lenghtwise.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength Tensile strength] measures how much stress can be applied stretching/pulling the material before it fractures.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charpy_impact_test Charpy test] measures the amount of energy material can absorb at a high strain rate without fracturing (an impact test).
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_modulus bending modulus] (flexural modulus) is the ratio of stress to strain--the tendency of a material to resist bending.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicat_softening_point Vicat temperature] describes the regime in which the material becomes "soft".
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition glass transition] describes the regime in which the material becomes viscous.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point melting point] describes the regime in which the material decidedly ceases to be solid.
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_deflection_temperature heat deflection temperature] for a given load specifies the temperature at which the material, subjected to that load, begins to deform.


==Qualitative comparisons==
==Qualitative comparisons==
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* <b>Ease of painting:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Ease of painting:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Tendency to warp:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PLA > PETG
* <b>Tendency to warp:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PLA > PETG
* <b>Hygroscopicity:</b> PA/TPU > PETG/ABS/ASA > PLA
* <b>Hygroscopicity:</b> PA/TPU > PC/PETG > ABS/ASA > PLA
* <b>Filament density:</b> PETG/PLA > ABS/ASA
* <b>Filament density:</b> PETG/PLA > ABS/ASA
* <b>Hotend temp required:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PETG > PLA
* <b>Hotend temp required:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PETG > PLA
* <b>Cost:</b> PPS > PA > PC > ASA > ABS/PETG/PLA
When it comes to polyamides (nylons), PA-12 is less susceptible to hydrolysis than PA-6, more flexible, less resistant to high temperatures, and much more expensive. PA-66 is generally more resistant to high temperatures and hydrolysis than PA-6, and slightly more expensive.


==Tables==
==Tables==
These data come from the manufacturers' websites and datasheets, and have not been verified. Different manufacturers report different data. These tables are not exhaustive.
These data come from the manufacturers' websites and datasheets, and have not been verified. Different manufacturers report different data. These tables are not exhaustive. I have provided price in terms of USD per kilogram based on the size closest to 1kg, but many of these filaments do not have a 1kg product. I really like AtomicFilament, but I sure do wish they would publish more technical specs.
 
 
===Overture===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! Filament !! Print temp (℃) !! Print speed (mm/s) !! Density (g/cm³) !! Tensile strength XY (MPa) !! MSRP ($/kg)
|-
| [https://overture3d.com/products/overture-tpu-filament-1-75mm TPU 95A] || 210–230 || 20–40 || 1.18 || 30.1±3.7 || 27
|-
| [https://overture3d.com/products/nylon-3d-printing-filament-overture Easy Nylon] || 245–260 || 30–70 || 1.12 || 71.3±2.1 || 34
|-
|}


===Polymaker===
===Polymaker===
Few relevant data are specified for Polymaker's PolyFlex TPU filaments.
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! Filament !! Density (g/cm³) !! Glass transition (℃) !! Vicat softening (℃) !! Heat deflection (℃) !! Young's modulus XY (MPa) !!Young's modulus Z (MPa) !! Tensile strength XY (MPa) !! Tensile strength Z (MPa) !! Bending modulus XY (MPa) !! Charpy XY (kJ/m²) !! MSRP ($/kg)
! Filament !! Density (g/cm³) !! Glass transition (℃) !! Vicat softening (℃) !! Heat deflection (℃) !! Young's modulus XY (MPa) !!Young's modulus Z (MPa) !! Tensile strength XY (MPa) !! Tensile strength Z (MPa) !! Bending modulus XY (MPa) !! Charpy XY (kJ/m²) !! MSRP ($/kg)
|-
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymaker-pc-abs PC-ABS] || 1.1 || 109 || 135 || 112 || 1835 || 1677 || 40 || 23 || 2081  || 26 || 49.99
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-pla PolyMax PLA] || 1.21 || 61 || 62 || 55 || 2151 || 1984 || 41 || 32 || 2393 || 39 || 30
|-
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-pc PolyMax PC] || 1.19 || 113 || 117 || 114 || 2436 || 2150 || 53 || 41 || 2050 ||21 || 51.99
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polylite-pla-pro PolyLite PLA Pro] || 1.23 || 62 || 63 || 59 || 2932 || 2633 || 50 || 37 || 2934 || 17 || 25
|-
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-PC-FR PolyMax PC-FR] || 1.2 || 115 || 116 || 110 || 2634 || 2743 || 67 || 46 || 2518 || 11.7 || 54.99
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polylite-abs PolyLite ABS] || 1.12 || 101 || 104 || 100 || 2247 || 2081 || 33 || 30 || 2127 || 18 || 22
|-
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymaker-pc-pbt Polymaker PC-PBT] || 1.2 || 140 || 139 || 107 || 1849 || 1659 || 43 || 29 || 1934 || 21 || 54.99
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymaker-pc-abs PC-ABS] || 1.1 || 109 || 135 || 112 || 1835 || 1677 || 40 || 23 || 2081  || 26 || 50
|-
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pet-cf17 Fiberon PET-CF17] || 1.34 || 79 || 238 || 148 || 5481 || 3559 || 66 || 28 || 4744 || 5 || 49.98
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-pc PolyMax PC] || 1.19 || 113 || 117 || 114 || 2436 || 2150 || 53 || 41 || 2050 ||21 || 52
|-
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa6-gf25 Fiberon PA6-GF25] || 1.2 || 70 || || 191 || 4431 || 3330 || 85 || 61 || 4637 || 17 || 59.98
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-PC-FR PolyMax PC-FR] || 1.2 || 115 || 116 || 110 || 2634 || 2743 || 67 || 46 || 2518 || 11.7 || 55
|-
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pps-cf10 Fiberon PPS-CF10] || 1.29 || 98 || 268 || 253 || 5314 || 2790 || 36 || 32 || 4647 || 5 || 139.98
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymaker-pc-pbt Polymaker PC-PBT] || 1.2 || 140 || 139 || 107 || 1849 || 1659 || 43 || 29 || 1934 || 21 || 55
|-
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polylite-pc PolyLite PC] || 1.19 || 113 || 120 || 111 || 2497 || 2371 || 69 || 53 || 2640 || 4 || 29.99
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pet-cf17 Fiberon PET-CF17] || 1.34 || 79 || 238 || 148 || 5481 || 3559 || 66 || 28 || 4744 || 5 || 50
|-
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa6-cf20 Fiberon PA6-CF20] || 1.17 || 74 || || 215 || 7454 || 4355 || 105 || 68 || 8339 || 13 || 79.98
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa6-gf25 Fiberon PA6-GF25] || 1.2 || 70 || || 191 || 4431 || 3330 || 85 || 61 || 4637 || 17 || 60
|-
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa12-cf10 Fiberon PA12-CF10] || 1.06 || 55 || || 131 || 3304 || 1801 || 72 || 43 || 3535 || 13 || 139.98
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pps-cf10 Fiberon PPS-CF10] || 1.29 || 98 || 268 || 253 || 5314 || 2790 || 36 || 32 || 4647 || 5 || 140
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polylite-pc PolyLite PC] || 1.19 || 113 || 120 || 111 || 2497 || 2371 || 69 || 53 || 2640 || 4 || 30
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa6-cf20 Fiberon PA6-CF20] || 1.17 || 74 || || 215 || 7454 || 4355 || 105 || 68 || 8339 || 13 || 80
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa12-cf10 Fiberon PA12-CF10] || 1.06 || 55 || || 131 || 3304 || 1801 || 72 || 43 || 3535 || 13 || 140
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu90 PolyFlex TPU90] || 1.12 ||  || || || || 30.1 ± 2.4 || || || || || 40
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu95 PolyFlex TPU95] || 1.22 ||  || || || 33.6 ± 0.9 || || || || || || 30
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu95-hf PolyFlex TPU95-HF] || 1.16 ||  || || || || 26.6 ± 0.6 || || || || || 50
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pps-gf20 Fiberon PPS-GF20] || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-asa-cf08 ASA-CF08] || 1.09 || 106.6 || 110.8 || 97.3 || 3612 || 1904 || 44 || 25 || 3265 || 5.5 || 40
|-
|-
|}
|}
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===Bambu===
===Bambu===
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
! Parameter !! Print temp (℃) !! Print speed (mm/s) !! Flow rate ratio !! Filament density (g/cm³) !! Foaming rate !! Vol. expansion ratio !! Print density (g/cm³) !! Tensile strength (MPa) !! Breaking elongation rate !! Bending modulus (MPa) !! Bending strength (MPa) !! Impact strength (kJ/m²) !! Melt index (g/10min) !! Melting temp (℃ ) !! Heat deflection temp (℃ ) !! Vicat softening temp (℃)
! Parameter !! Print temp (℃) !! Print speed (mm/s) !! Filament density (g/cm³) !! Tensile strength (MPa) !! Breaking elongation rate !! Bending modulus (MPa) !! Bending strength (MPa) !! Impact strength (kJ/m²) !! Melt index (g/10min) !! Melting temp (℃ ) !! Heat deflection temp (℃ ) !! Vicat softening temp (℃) !! Flow rate ratio !! Foaming rate !! Vol. expansion ratio !! Print density (g/cm³)
|-
|-
| PLA Aero || 210 - 260 || <180 || 0.5-0.8 || 1.21 || 0-120 || 100 - 220 || 0.55 - 1.05 || 24 ± 2 || 2.6 ± 0.7 || 1690 ± 120 || 45 ± 4 || 28.8 ± 1.3 || 7.7 ± 0.6 || 153 || 53 || 54
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/petg-cf PETG-CF] || 240 - 270 || <200 || 1.25 || 35 ± 5 || 10.4 ± 0.6 || 2910 ± 260 || 70 ± 5 || 41.2 ± 2.6 || 19.3 ± 2.4 || 225 || 74 || 85 || || || ||
|-
|-
| ASA || 240 - 270 || <250 || 0.93-0.97 || 1.05 || n/a || 102 || 1.03 || 37 ± 3 || 9.2 ± 1.4 || 1920 ± 130 || 65 ± 5 || 41.0 ± 2.3 || 7.0 ± 0.8 || 210 || 100 || 106
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pla-aero PLA Aero] || 210 - 260 || <180 || 1.21 || 24 ± 2 || 2.6 ± 0.7 || 1690 ± 120 || 45 ± 4 || 28.8 ± 1.3 || 7.7 ± 0.6 || 153 || 53 || 54 || 0.5-0.8 || 0-120 || 100 - 220 || 0.55 - 1.05
|-
|-
| ASA Aero || 240 - 280 || <150 || 0.45-0.80 || 0.99 || 0-110 || 100 - 210 || 0.46 - 0.97 || 32 ± 4 || 5.1 ± 1.6 || 1510 ± 120 || 58 ± 6 || 32.0 ± 2.5 || 1.56 ± 0.5 || 204 || 85 || 80
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/tpu-95a-hf TPU 95A HF] || 220 - 240 || <200 || 1.22 || 27.3 ± 0.8 || >650% || n/a || n/a || n/a || 36.5 ± 2.6 || 183 || n/a || n/a || || || ||  
|-
|-
| PC || 250 - 270 || <300 || 1.2 || n/a ||  || 55 ± 4 || 3.8 ± 0.3 || 2310 ± 70 || 108 ± 4 || 34.8 ± 2.1 || 32.2 ± 2.9 || 228 || 117 || 119
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-filament ASA] || 240 - 270 || <250 || 1.05 || 37 ± 3 || 9.2 ± 1.4 || 1920 ± 130 || 65 ± 5 || 41.0 ± 2.3 || 7.0 ± 0.8 || 210 || 100 || 106 || 0.93-0.97 || n/a || 102 || 1.03
|-
|-
| ABS || 240 - 270 || <300 || 1.05 || n/a || || 33 ± 3 || 10.5 ± 1.0 || 1880 ± 110 || 62 ± 4 || 39 ± 3.6 || 34.2 ± 3.8 || 200 || 87 || 94
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-aero ASA Aero] || 240 - 280 || <150 || 0.99 || 32 ± 4 || 5.1 ± 1.6 || 1510 ± 120 || 58 ± 6 || 32.0 ± 2.5 || 1.56 ± 0.5 || 204 || 85 || 80 || 0.45-0.80 || 0-110 || 100 - 210 || 0.46 - 0.97
|-
|-
| ABS-GF || 240 - 270 || <180 || 1.08 || n/a || || 36 ± 3 || 6.3 ± 1.2 || 2860 ± 130 || 68 ± 4 || 14.5 ± 1.5 || 7.56 ± 1.4 || 202 || 99 || 103
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pc-filament PC] || 250 - 270 || <300 || 1.2 || 55 ± 4 || 3.8 ± 0.3 || 2310 ± 70 || 108 ± 4 || 34.8 ± 2.1 || 32.2 ± 2.9 || 228 || 117 || 119 || || || ||
|-
|-
| PETG-Trans || 230 - 260 || <220 || 1.25 || n/a ||  || 33 ± 4 || 8.2 ± 1.3 || 1610 ± 130 || 68 ± 3 || 37.4 ± 3.3 || 11.7 ± 1.5 || 228 || 74 || 79
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-filament ABS] || 240 - 270 || <300 || 1.05 || 33 ± 3 || 10.5 ± 1.0 || 1880 ± 110 || 62 ± 4 || 39 ± 3.6 || 34.2 ± 3.8 || 200 || 87 || 94 || || || ||
|-
|-
| PETG-HF || 230 - 260 || <300 || 1.28 || n/a ||  || 34 ± 4 || 8.6 ± 1.2 || 2050 ± 120 || 64 ± 3 || 31.5 ± 2.2 || 28.2 ± 2.7 || 214 || 69 || 70
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/abs-gf ABS-GF] || 240 - 270 || <180 || 1.08 || 36 ± 3 || 6.3 ± 1.2 || 2860 ± 130 || 68 ± 4 || 14.5 ± 1.5 || 7.56 ± 1.4 || 202 || 99 || 103 || || || ||
|-
|-
| PA6-CF || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.09 || n/a ||  || 102 ± 7 || 5.8 ± 1.6 || 5460 ± 280 || 151 ± 8 || 40.3 ± 2.5 || 6.8 ± 0.6 || 223 || 186 || 212
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/petg-translucent PETG-Translucent] || 230 - 260 || <220 || 1.25 || 33 ± 4 || 8.2 ± 1.3 || 1610 ± 130 || 68 ± 3 || 37.4 ± 3.3 || 11.7 ± 1.5 || 228 || 74 || 79 || || || ||
|-
|-
| PPA-CF || 280 - 310 || <100 || 1.25 || n/a ||  || 168 ± 4 || 3.2 ± 0.4 || 9860 ± 480 || 208 ± 6 || 41.7 ± 2.8 || 8.4 ± 0.7 || 258 || 227 || 232
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/products/petg-hf PETG-HF] || 230 - 260 || <300 || 1.28 || 34 ± 4 || 8.6 ± 1.2 || 2050 ± 120 || 64 ± 3 || 31.5 ± 2.2 || 28.2 ± 2.7 || 214 || 69 || 70 || || || ||
|-
|-
| PLA-CF || 210 - 240 || <200 || 1.22 || n/a ||  || 38 ± 4 || 8.4 ± 3.2 || 3950 ± 190 || 89 ± 4 || 23.2 ± 3.7 || 3.7 ± 0.6 || 165 || 55 || 69
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pa6-cf PA6-CF] || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.09 || 102 ± 7 || 5.8 ± 1.6 || 5460 ± 280 || 151 ± 8 || 40.3 ± 2.5 || 6.8 ± 0.6 || 223 || 186 || 212 || || || ||
|-
|-
| PPS-CF || 310 - 340 || <100 || 1.26 || n/a ||  || 87 ± 5 || 1.2 ± 0.4 || 7160 ± 280 || 142 ± 5 || 27.8 ± 2.3 || 11.48 ± 1.23 || 284 || 264 || 268
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/ppa-cf PPA-CF] || 280 - 310 || <100 || 1.25 || 168 ± 4 || 3.2 ± 0.4 || 9860 ± 480 || 208 ± 6 || 41.7 ± 2.8 || 8.4 ± 0.7 || 258 || 227 || 232 || || || ||
|-
|-
| PAHT-CF || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.06 || n/a ||  || 92 ± 7 || 8.4 ± 1.8 || 4230 ± 210 || 125 ± 7 || 57.5 ± 3.4 || 14.4 ± 2.0 || 225 || 194 || 220
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pla-cf PLA-CF] || 210 - 240 || <200 || 1.22 || 38 ± 4 || 8.4 ± 3.2 || 3950 ± 190 || 89 ± 4 || 23.2 ± 3.7 || 3.7 ± 0.6 || 165 || 55 || 69 || || || ||
|-
|-
| ASA-CF || 250 - 280 || <250 || 1.02 || n/a || || 34 ± 3 || 9.6 ± 1.4 || 3740 ± 130 || 72 ± 5 || 14.0 ± 2.2 || 1.74 ± 0.3 || 210 || 110 || 108
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pps-cf PPS-CF] || 310 - 340 || <100 || 1.26 || 87 ± 5 || 1.2 ± 0.4 || 7160 ± 280 || 142 ± 5 || 27.8 ± 2.3 || 11.48 ± 1.23 || 284 || 264 || 268 || || || ||
|-
|-
| PA6-GF || 260 - 290 || <130 || 1.14 || n/a || || 75 ± 6 || 3.9 ± 0.8 || 3670 ± 140 || 120 ± 6 || 27.7 ± 2.2 || 9.0 ± 0.8 || 219 || 182 || 210
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/paht-cf PAHT-CF] || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.06 || 92 ± 7 || 8.4 ± 1.8 || 4230 ± 210 || 125 ± 7 || 57.5 ± 3.4 || 14.4 ± 2.0 || 225 || 194 || 220 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-cf ASA-CF] || 250 - 280 || <250 || 1.02 || 34 ± 3 || 9.6 ± 1.4 || 3740 ± 130 || 72 ± 5 || 14.0 ± 2.2 || 1.74 ± 0.3 || 210 || 110 || 108 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pa6-gf PA6-GF] || 260 - 290 || <130 || 1.14 || 75 ± 6 || 3.9 ± 0.8 || 3670 ± 140 || 120 ± 6 || 27.7 ± 2.2 || 9.0 ± 0.8 || 219 || 182 || 210 || || || ||
|-
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pc-fr PC-FR] || 260 - 280 || <300 || 1.18 || 60 ± 4 || 2.4 ± 0.3 || 1890 ± 70 || 90 ± 4 || 55 ± 2.1 || 26.4 ± 2.7 || 225 || 113 || 114 || || || ||
|-
|-
|}
|}
[[CATEGORY: 3D Printing]]
[[CATEGORY: 3D Printing]]
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