Filaments: Difference between revisions
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Keeping notes on various [[3D_printers|FDM]] filaments here. The glass transition temperature is ideal for annealling. I've got a [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1surO5110gAQma4BO38waBnLA4icsbnwu-0_cXczXyfo/edit?usp=sharing Google Sheet] now chronicling experience with individual filaments. | Keeping notes on various [[3D_printers|FDM]] filaments here. The glass transition temperature is ideal for annealling. I've got a [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1surO5110gAQma4BO38waBnLA4icsbnwu-0_cXczXyfo/edit?usp=sharing Google Sheet] now chronicling experience with individual filaments. | ||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiffness Stiffness] is the resistance to deformation in response to an applied [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics) stress]. | |||
** Stress is proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the area on which it acts. | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_modulus Young's modulus] measures stiffness when a force is applied lenghtwise. | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength Tensile strength] measures how much stress can be applied stretching/pulling the material before it fractures. | |||
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charpy_impact_test Charpy test] measures the amount of energy material can absorb at a high strain rate without fracturing (an impact test). | |||
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_modulus bending modulus] (flexural modulus) is the ratio of stress to strain--the tendency of a material to resist bending. | |||
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicat_softening_point Vicat temperature] describes the regime in which the material becomes "soft". | |||
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition glass transition] describes the regime in which the material becomes viscous. | |||
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point melting point] describes the regime in which the material decidedly ceases to be solid. | |||
* The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_deflection_temperature heat deflection temperature] for a given load specifies the temperature at which the material, subjected to that load, begins to deform. | |||
==Qualitative comparisons== | ==Qualitative comparisons== | ||
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===Polymaker=== | ===Polymaker=== | ||
Few relevant data are specified for Polymaker's PolyFlex TPU filaments. | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" | {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" | ||
! Filament !! Density (g/cm³) !! Glass transition (℃) !! Vicat softening (℃) !! Heat deflection (℃) !! Young's modulus XY (MPa) !!Young's modulus Z (MPa) !! Tensile strength XY (MPa) !! Tensile strength Z (MPa) !! Bending modulus XY (MPa) !! Charpy XY (kJ/m²) !! MSRP ($/kg) | ! Filament !! Density (g/cm³) !! Glass transition (℃) !! Vicat softening (℃) !! Heat deflection (℃) !! Young's modulus XY (MPa) !!Young's modulus Z (MPa) !! Tensile strength XY (MPa) !! Tensile strength Z (MPa) !! Bending modulus XY (MPa) !! Charpy XY (kJ/m²) !! MSRP ($/kg) | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa12-cf10 Fiberon PA12-CF10] || 1.06 || 55 || || 131 || 3304 || 1801 || 72 || 43 || 3535 || 13 || 140 | | [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa12-cf10 Fiberon PA12-CF10] || 1.06 || 55 || || 131 || 3304 || 1801 || 72 || 43 || 3535 || 13 || 140 | ||
|- | |||
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu90 PolyFlex TPU90] || 1.12 || || || || || 30.1 ± 2.4 || || || || || 40 | |||
|- | |||
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu95 PolyFlex TPU95] || 1.22 || || || || 33.6 ± 0.9 || || || || || || 30 | |||
|- | |||
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polyflex-tpu95-hf PolyFlex TPU95-HF] || 1.16 || || || || || 26.6 ± 0.6 || || || || || 50 | |||
|- | |||
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pps-gf20 Fiberon PPS-GF20] || || || || || || || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-asa-cf08 ASA-CF08] || 1.09 || 106.6 || 110.8 || 97.3 || 3612 || 1904 || 44 || 25 || 3265 || 5.5 || 40 | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! Parameter !! Print temp (℃) !! Print speed (mm/s) !! Filament density (g/cm³) !! Tensile strength (MPa) !! Breaking elongation rate !! Bending modulus (MPa) !! Bending strength (MPa) !! Impact strength (kJ/m²) !! Melt index (g/10min) !! Melting temp (℃ ) !! Heat deflection temp (℃ ) !! Vicat softening temp (℃) !! Flow rate ratio !! Foaming rate !! Vol. expansion ratio !! Print density (g/cm³) | ! Parameter !! Print temp (℃) !! Print speed (mm/s) !! Filament density (g/cm³) !! Tensile strength (MPa) !! Breaking elongation rate !! Bending modulus (MPa) !! Bending strength (MPa) !! Impact strength (kJ/m²) !! Melt index (g/10min) !! Melting temp (℃ ) !! Heat deflection temp (℃ ) !! Vicat softening temp (℃) !! Flow rate ratio !! Foaming rate !! Vol. expansion ratio !! Print density (g/cm³) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| PLA Aero || 210 - 260 || <180 || 1.21 || 24 ± 2 || 2.6 ± 0.7 || 1690 ± 120 || 45 ± 4 || 28.8 ± 1.3 || 7.7 ± 0.6 || 153 || 53 || 54 || 0.5-0.8 || 0-120 || 100 - 220 || 0.55 - 1.05 | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/petg-cf PETG-CF] || 240 - 270 || <200 || 1.25 || 35 ± 5 || 10.4 ± 0.6 || 2910 ± 260 || 70 ± 5 || 41.2 ± 2.6 || 19.3 ± 2.4 || 225 || 74 || 85 || || || || | ||
|- | |||
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pla-aero PLA Aero] || 210 - 260 || <180 || 1.21 || 24 ± 2 || 2.6 ± 0.7 || 1690 ± 120 || 45 ± 4 || 28.8 ± 1.3 || 7.7 ± 0.6 || 153 || 53 || 54 || 0.5-0.8 || 0-120 || 100 - 220 || 0.55 - 1.05 | |||
|- | |||
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/tpu-95a-hf TPU 95A HF] || 220 - 240 || <200 || 1.22 || 27.3 ± 0.8 || >650% || n/a || n/a || n/a || 36.5 ± 2.6 || 183 || n/a || n/a || || || || | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ASA || 240 - 270 || <250 || 1.05 || 37 ± 3 || 9.2 ± 1.4 || 1920 ± 130 || 65 ± 5 || 41.0 ± 2.3 || 7.0 ± 0.8 || 210 || 100 || 106 || 0.93-0.97 || n/a || 102 || 1.03 | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-filament ASA] || 240 - 270 || <250 || 1.05 || 37 ± 3 || 9.2 ± 1.4 || 1920 ± 130 || 65 ± 5 || 41.0 ± 2.3 || 7.0 ± 0.8 || 210 || 100 || 106 || 0.93-0.97 || n/a || 102 || 1.03 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ASA Aero || 240 - 280 || <150 || 0.99 || 32 ± 4 || 5.1 ± 1.6 || 1510 ± 120 || 58 ± 6 || 32.0 ± 2.5 || 1.56 ± 0.5 || 204 || 85 || 80 || 0.45-0.80 || 0-110 || 100 - 210 || 0.46 - 0.97 | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-aero ASA Aero] || 240 - 280 || <150 || 0.99 || 32 ± 4 || 5.1 ± 1.6 || 1510 ± 120 || 58 ± 6 || 32.0 ± 2.5 || 1.56 ± 0.5 || 204 || 85 || 80 || 0.45-0.80 || 0-110 || 100 - 210 || 0.46 - 0.97 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| PC || 250 - 270 || <300 || 1.2 || 55 ± 4 || 3.8 ± 0.3 || 2310 ± 70 || 108 ± 4 || 34.8 ± 2.1 || 32.2 ± 2.9 || 228 || 117 || 119 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pc-filament PC] || 250 - 270 || <300 || 1.2 || 55 ± 4 || 3.8 ± 0.3 || 2310 ± 70 || 108 ± 4 || 34.8 ± 2.1 || 32.2 ± 2.9 || 228 || 117 || 119 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ABS || 240 - 270 || <300 || 1.05 || 33 ± 3 || 10.5 ± 1.0 || 1880 ± 110 || 62 ± 4 || 39 ± 3.6 || 34.2 ± 3.8 || 200 || 87 || 94 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-filament ABS] || 240 - 270 || <300 || 1.05 || 33 ± 3 || 10.5 ± 1.0 || 1880 ± 110 || 62 ± 4 || 39 ± 3.6 || 34.2 ± 3.8 || 200 || 87 || 94 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ABS-GF || 240 - 270 || <180 || 1.08 || 36 ± 3 || 6.3 ± 1.2 || 2860 ± 130 || 68 ± 4 || 14.5 ± 1.5 || 7.56 ± 1.4 || 202 || 99 || 103 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/abs-gf ABS-GF] || 240 - 270 || <180 || 1.08 || 36 ± 3 || 6.3 ± 1.2 || 2860 ± 130 || 68 ± 4 || 14.5 ± 1.5 || 7.56 ± 1.4 || 202 || 99 || 103 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| PETG- | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/petg-translucent PETG-Translucent] || 230 - 260 || <220 || 1.25 || 33 ± 4 || 8.2 ± 1.3 || 1610 ± 130 || 68 ± 3 || 37.4 ± 3.3 || 11.7 ± 1.5 || 228 || 74 || 79 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| PETG-HF || 230 - 260 || <300 || 1.28 || 34 ± 4 || 8.6 ± 1.2 || 2050 ± 120 || 64 ± 3 || 31.5 ± 2.2 || 28.2 ± 2.7 || 214 || 69 || 70 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/products/petg-hf PETG-HF] || 230 - 260 || <300 || 1.28 || 34 ± 4 || 8.6 ± 1.2 || 2050 ± 120 || 64 ± 3 || 31.5 ± 2.2 || 28.2 ± 2.7 || 214 || 69 || 70 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| PA6-CF || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.09 || 102 ± 7 || 5.8 ± 1.6 || 5460 ± 280 || 151 ± 8 || 40.3 ± 2.5 || 6.8 ± 0.6 || 223 || 186 || 212 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pa6-cf PA6-CF] || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.09 || 102 ± 7 || 5.8 ± 1.6 || 5460 ± 280 || 151 ± 8 || 40.3 ± 2.5 || 6.8 ± 0.6 || 223 || 186 || 212 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/ppa-cf PPA-CF] || 280 - 310 || <100 || 1.25 || 168 ± 4 || 3.2 ± 0.4 || 9860 ± 480 || 208 ± 6 || 41.7 ± 2.8 || 8.4 ± 0.7 || 258 || 227 || 232 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/ppa-cf PPA-CF] || 280 - 310 || <100 || 1.25 || 168 ± 4 || 3.2 ± 0.4 || 9860 ± 480 || 208 ± 6 || 41.7 ± 2.8 || 8.4 ± 0.7 || 258 || 227 || 232 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| PLA-CF || 210 - 240 || <200 || 1.22 || 38 ± 4 || 8.4 ± 3.2 || 3950 ± 190 || 89 ± 4 || 23.2 ± 3.7 || 3.7 ± 0.6 || 165 || 55 || 69 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pla-cf PLA-CF] || 210 - 240 || <200 || 1.22 || 38 ± 4 || 8.4 ± 3.2 || 3950 ± 190 || 89 ± 4 || 23.2 ± 3.7 || 3.7 ± 0.6 || 165 || 55 || 69 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| PPS-CF || 310 - 340 || <100 || 1.26 || 87 ± 5 || 1.2 ± 0.4 || 7160 ± 280 || 142 ± 5 || 27.8 ± 2.3 || 11.48 ± 1.23 || 284 || 264 || 268 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pps-cf PPS-CF] || 310 - 340 || <100 || 1.26 || 87 ± 5 || 1.2 ± 0.4 || 7160 ± 280 || 142 ± 5 || 27.8 ± 2.3 || 11.48 ± 1.23 || 284 || 264 || 268 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| PAHT-CF || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.06 || 92 ± 7 || 8.4 ± 1.8 || 4230 ± 210 || 125 ± 7 || 57.5 ± 3.4 || 14.4 ± 2.0 || 225 || 194 || 220 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/paht-cf PAHT-CF] || 260 - 290 || <100 || 1.06 || 92 ± 7 || 8.4 ± 1.8 || 4230 ± 210 || 125 ± 7 || 57.5 ± 3.4 || 14.4 ± 2.0 || 225 || 194 || 220 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ASA-CF || 250 - 280 || <250 || 1.02 || 34 ± 3 || 9.6 ± 1.4 || 3740 ± 130 || 72 ± 5 || 14.0 ± 2.2 || 1.74 ± 0.3 || 210 || 110 || 108 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/asa-cf ASA-CF] || 250 - 280 || <250 || 1.02 || 34 ± 3 || 9.6 ± 1.4 || 3740 ± 130 || 72 ± 5 || 14.0 ± 2.2 || 1.74 ± 0.3 || 210 || 110 || 108 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| PA6-GF || 260 - 290 || <130 || 1.14 || 75 ± 6 || 3.9 ± 0.8 || 3670 ± 140 || 120 ± 6 || 27.7 ± 2.2 || 9.0 ± 0.8 || 219 || 182 || 210 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pa6-gf PA6-GF] || 260 - 290 || <130 || 1.14 || 75 ± 6 || 3.9 ± 0.8 || 3670 ± 140 || 120 ± 6 || 27.7 ± 2.2 || 9.0 ± 0.8 || 219 || 182 || 210 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pc-fr PC-FR] || 260 - 280 || <300 || 1.18 || 60 ± 4 || 2.4 ± 0.3 || 1890 ± 70 || 90 ± 4 || 55 ± 2.1 || 26.4 ± 2.7 || 225 || 113 || 114 || || || || | | [https://us.store.bambulab.com/collections/bambu-lab-3d-printer-filament/products/pc-fr PC-FR] || 260 - 280 || <300 || 1.18 || 60 ± 4 || 2.4 ± 0.3 || 1890 ± 70 || 90 ± 4 || 55 ± 2.1 || 26.4 ± 2.7 || 225 || 113 || 114 || || || || | ||