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Filaments: Difference between revisions

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Keeping notes on various [[3D_printers|FDM printing]] filaments here. Prices are per kilogram spool unless stated otherwise. Printing was done on a [[Bambu Carbon X1C]] unless stated otherwise.
Keeping notes on various [[3D_printers|FDM]] filaments here. The glass transition temperature is ideal for annealling. I've got a [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1surO5110gAQma4BO38waBnLA4icsbnwu-0_cXczXyfo/edit?usp=sharing Google Sheet] now chronicling experience with individual filaments.


==Polylactic acid (PLA)==
==Qualitative comparisons==
* Bambu silky green 2024-06 $25: beautiful results
Manufacturers employ additives to change the properties of their filaments, which I don't attempt to address here. Properties may change across different batches of the same filament. These are very rough comparisons based off oral wisdom.


==Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)==
* <b>Impact strength:</b> ASA > ABS > PC > PETG > PLA
* Overture 95A green 2024-06 $30: stringy as hell
* <b>Tensile strength:</b> PA >> PC >> ASA > ABS/PETG > PLA
* <b>UV resistance:</b> ASA > ABS
* <b>"Chemical" resistance:</b> PETG > ABS
* <b>Melting temp:</b> PC > ASA > PETG > ABS >> PLA
* <b>Heat resistance:</b> PC > ASA > ABS > PETG > PLA
* <b>Printing speed:</b>
* <b>Offensiveness (odor, VOCs while printing):</b> ABS > ASA, PA, PC
* <b>Acetone postprocessing:</b> ASA/ABS only
* <b>Ease of sanding:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Ease of painting:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Tendency to warp:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PLA > PETG
* <b>Hygroscopicity:</b> PA/TPU > PETG/ABS/ASA > PLA
* <b>Filament density:</b> PETG/PLA > ABS/ASA
* <b>Hotend temp required:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PETG > PLA


==Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)==
==Polymaker==
* Bambu black/green 2024-06 $14 (4kg @ $56): solid workhorse
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1"
===High impact polystyrene (HIPS)===
! Filament !! Density (g/cm³) !! Glass transition (℃) !! Vicat softening (℃) !! Heat deflection (℃) !! Young's modulus XY (MPa) !!Young's modulus Z (MPa) !! Tensile strength XY (MPa) !! Tensile strength Z (MPa) !! Bending modulus XY (MPa) !! Charpy XY (kJ/m²)
Support material for ABS/PET, dissolvable
|-
* Bambu green Support-G $80 ($40/.5kg): expensive!
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymaker-pc-abs PC-ABS] || 1.1 || 109 || 135 || 112 || 1835 ± 65 || 1677 ± 94 || 39.9 || 22.9 || 2081  || 25.8
 
|-
==Acrylic styrene acrylonitrile (ASA)==
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymax-pc PolyMax PC] || 1.19 || 113 || 117 || 114 || 2436 || 2150 || 53 || 41 || 2050 ||21
* Atomic Filaments black 2024-06 $19 (7kg @ $130): lay the first layer at 105, and remaining layers at 115.
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polymaker-pc-pbt Polymaker PC-PBT] || 1.2 || 140 || 139 || 107 || 1849 || 1659 || 43 || 29 || 1934 || 21
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pet-cf17 Fiberon PET-CF17] || 1.34 || 79 || 238 || 148 || 5481 || 3559 || 66 || 28 || 4744 || 5
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa6-gf25 Fiberon PA6-GF25] || 1.2 || 70 || || 191 || 4431 || 3330 || 85 || 61 || 4637 || 17
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pps-cf10 Fiberon PPS-CF10] || 1.29 || 98 || 268 || 253 || 5314 || 2790 || 36 || 32 || 4647 || 5
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/polylite-pc PolyLite PC] || 1.19 || 113 || 120 || 111 || 2497 || 2371 || 69 || 53 || 2640 || 4
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa6-cf20 Fiberon PA6-CF20] || 1.17 || 74 || || 215 || 7454 || 4355 || 105 || 68 || 8339 || 13
|-
| [https://us.polymaker.com/products/fiberon-pa12-cf10 Fiberon PA12-CF10] || 1.06 || 55 || || 131 || 3304 || 1801 || 72 || 43 || 3535 || 13
|-
|}


==Polycarbonate (PC)==
==Bambu==
* Bambu clear black 2024-06 $40: befouled my .4mm hotend. Very lovely when it prints.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
** warping at 115, stick to builtin 110
! Parameter !! PLA Aero !! ASA !! ASA Aero !! PC !! ABS !! ABS-GF !! PETG-Trans !! PETG-HF !! PA6-CF !! PPA-CF !! PLA-CF !! PPS-CF !! PAHT-CF !! ASA-CF !! PA6-GF
 
==Polyamide Nylon (PA)==
===Polycaprolactam (Nylon 6, PA6)===
* Atomic Filaments black
 
==Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)==
===Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG)===
* Atomic Filaments black Carbon Fiber: result is very tough
** most reliable method seems to be cold plate (<i>not</i> textured PEI)
** 270/60, no fans
** or *very clean* textured PEI at 270/80, default 70 is no good
* Bambu Support-W (breakaway PLA support) $70 ($35/.5kg): works well enough, expensive
 
==Bambu filaments parameter table==
{| wikiclass="table" border="1"
! Parameter !! PLA Aero !! ASA !! ASA Aero !! PC !! ABS !! ABS-GF !! PETG-Translucent !! PETG-HF !! PA6-CF
|-
|-
| Print temp C || 210-260 || 240-270 || 240-280 || 250-270 || 240-270 || 240-270 || 230-260 || 230-260 || 260-290
| Print temp ℃ || 210 - 260 || 240 - 270 || 240 - 280 || 250 - 270 || 240 - 270 || 240 - 270 || 230 - 260 || 230 - 260 || 260 - 290 || 280 - 310 || 210 - 240 || 310 - 340 || 260 - 290 || 250 - 280 || 260 - 290
|-
|-
| Print speed mm/s || <180 || <250 || <150 || <300 || <300 || <180 || <220 || <300 || <100
| Print speed mm/s || <180 || <250 || <150 || <300 || <300 || <180 || <220 || <300 || <100 || <100 || <200 || <100 || <100 || <250 || <130
|-
|-
| Flow rate ratio || 0.5-0.8 || 0.93-0.97 || 0.45-0.80 || || || || || ||
| Flow rate ratio || 0.5-0.8 || 0.93-0.97 || 0.45-0.80 || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| Filament density g/cm³ || 1.21 || 1.05 || 0.99 || 1.2 || 1.05 || 1.08 || 1.25 || 1.28 || 1.09
| Filament density g/cm³ || 1.21 || 1.05 || 0.99 || 1.2 || 1.05 || 1.08 || 1.25 || 1.28 || 1.09 || 1.25 || 1.22 || 1.26 || 1.06 || 1.02 || 1.14
|-
|-
| Foaming rate || 0-120 || n/a || 0-110 || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a
| Foaming rate || 0-120 || n/a || 0-110 || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a || n/a
|-
|-
| Vol. expansion ratio || 100-220 || 102 || 100-210 || || || || || ||
| Vol. expansion ratio || 100 - 220 || 102 || 100 - 210 || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| Print density g/cm³ || 0.55-1.05 || 1.03 || 0.46-0.97 || || || || || ||
| Print density g/cm³ || 0.55 - 1.05 || 1.03 || 0.46 - 0.97 || || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| Tensile strength MPa || 24±2 || 37±3 || 32±4 || 55±4 || 33±3 || 36±3 || 33±4 || 34±4 || 102±7
| Tensile strength MPa || 24 ± 2 || 37 ± 3 || 32 ± 4 || 55 ± 4 || 33 ± 3 || 36 ± 3 || 33 ± 4 || 34 ± 4 || 102 ± 7  || 168 ± 4 || 38 ± 4 || 87 ± 5 || 92 ± 7 || 34 ± 3 || 75 ± 6
|-
|-
| Breaking elongation rate || 2.6±0.7 || 9.2±1.4 || 5.1±1.6 || 3.8±0.3 || 10.5±1.0 || 6.3±1.2 || 8.2±1.3 || 8.6±1.2 || 5.8±1.6
| Breaking elongation rate || 2.6 ± 0.7 || 9.2 ± 1.4 || 5.1 ± 1.6 || 3.8 ± 0.3 || 10.5 ± 1.0 || 6.3 ± 1.2 || 8.2 ± 1.3 || 8.6 ± 1.2 || 5.8 ± 1.6 || 3.2 ± 0.4 || 8.4 ± 3.2 || 1.2 ± 0.4 || 8.4 ± 1.8 || 9.6 ± 1.4 || 3.9 ± 0.8
|-
|-
| Bending modulus MPa || 1690±120 || 1920±130 || 1510±120 || 2310±70 || 1880±110 || 2860±130 || 1610±130 || 2050±120 || 5460±280
| Bending modulus MPa || 1690 ± 120 || 1920 ± 130 || 1510 ± 120 || 2310 ± 70 || 1880 ± 110 || 2860 ± 130 || 1610 ± 130 || 2050 ± 120 || 5460 ± 280 || 9860 ± 480 || 3950 ± 190 || 7160 ± 280 || 4230 ± 210 || 3740 ± 130 || 3670 ± 140
|-
|-
| Bending strength MPa || 45±4 || 65±5 || 58±6 || 108±4 || 62±4 || 68±4 || 68±3 || 64±3 || 151±8
| Bending strength MPa || 45 ± 4 || 65 ± 5 || 58 ± 6 || 108 ± 4 || 62 ± 4 || 68 ± 4 || 68 ± 3 || 64 ± 3 || 151 ± 8 || 208 ± 6 || 89 ± 4 || 142 ± 5 || 125 ± 7 || 72 ± 5 || 120 ± 6
|-
|-
| Impact strength kJ/m² || 28.8±1.3 || 41.0±2.3 || 32.0±2.5 || 34.8±2.1 || 39±3.6 || 14.5±1.5 || 37.4±3.3 || 31.5±2.2 || 40.3±2.5
| Impact strength kJ/m² || 28.8 ± 1.3 || 41.0 ± 2.3 || 32.0 ± 2.5 || 34.8 ± 2.1 || 39 ± 3.6 || 14.5 ± 1.5 || 37.4 ± 3.3 || 31.5 ± 2.2 || 40.3 ± 2.5 || 41.7 ± 2.8 || 23.2 ± 3.7 || 27.8 ± 2.3 || 57.5 ± 3.4 || 14.0 ± 2.2 || 27.7 ± 2.2
|-
|-
| Melt index g/10min || 7.7±0.6 || 7.0±0.8 || 1.56 ± 0.5 || 32.2±2.9 || 34.2±3.8 || 7.56±1.4 || 11.7±1.5 || 28.2±2.7 || 6.8±0.6
| Melt index g/10min || 7.7 ± 0.6 || 7.0 ± 0.8 || 1.56 ± 0.5 || 32.2 ± 2.9 || 34.2 ± 3.8 || 7.56 ± 1.4 || 11.7 ± 1.5 || 28.2 ± 2.7 || 6.8 ± 0.6 || 8.4 ± 0.7 || 3.7 ± 0.6 || 11.48 ± 1.23 || 14.4 ± 2.0 || 1.74 ± 0.3 || 9.0 ± 0.8
|-
|-
| Melting temp C || 153 || 210 || 204 || 228 || 200 || 202 || 228 || 214 || 223
| Melting temp ℃ || 153 || 210 || 204 || 228 || 200 || 202 || 228 || 214 || 223 || 258 || 165 || 284 || 225 || 210 || 219
|-
|-
| Heat deflection temp C || 53 || 100 || 85 || 117 || 87 || 99 || 74 || 69 || 186
| Heat deflection temp ℃ || 53 || 100 || 85 || 117 || 87 || 99 || 74 || 69 || 186 || 227 || 55 || 264 || 194 || 110 || 182
|-
|-
| Vicat softening temp C || 54 || 106 || 80 || 119 || 94 || 103 || 79 || 70 || 212
| Vicat softening temp ℃ || 54 || 106 || 80 || 119 || 94 || 103 || 79 || 70 || 212 || 232 || 69 || 268 || 220 || 108 || 210
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Qualitative comparisons==
[[CATEGORY: 3D Printing]]
Manufacturers employ additives to change the properties of their filaments, which I don't attempt to address here. Properties may change across different batches of the same filament. These are very rough comparisons based off oral wisdom.
 
* <b>Impact strength:</b> ASA > ABS > PC > PETG > PLA
* <b>Tensile strength:</b> PA6-CF >> PC >> ASA > ABS ~= PETG > PLA
* <b>UV resistance:</b> ASA > ABS
* <b>"Chemical" resistance:</b> PETG > ABS
* <b>Melting temp:</b> PC > ASA > PETG > ABS >> PLA
* <b>Heat resistance:</b> PC > ASA > ABS > PETG > PLA
* <b>Printing speed:</b>
* <b>Offensiveness (odor, VOCs while printing):</b> ABS > ASA, PC
* <b>Acetone postprocessing:</b> ASA/ABS only
* <b>Ease of sanding:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Ease of painting:</b> PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
* <b>Tendency to warp:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PLA > PETG
* <b>Hygroscopicity:</b> PA > PETG/ABS/ASA > PLA
* <b>Filament density:</b> PETG/PLA > ABS/ASA
* <b>Hotend temp required:</b> PC > ABS/ASA > PETG > PLA

Latest revision as of 11:44, 23 November 2024

Keeping notes on various FDM filaments here. The glass transition temperature is ideal for annealling. I've got a Google Sheet now chronicling experience with individual filaments.

Qualitative comparisons

Manufacturers employ additives to change the properties of their filaments, which I don't attempt to address here. Properties may change across different batches of the same filament. These are very rough comparisons based off oral wisdom.

  • Impact strength: ASA > ABS > PC > PETG > PLA
  • Tensile strength: PA >> PC >> ASA > ABS/PETG > PLA
  • UV resistance: ASA > ABS
  • "Chemical" resistance: PETG > ABS
  • Melting temp: PC > ASA > PETG > ABS >> PLA
  • Heat resistance: PC > ASA > ABS > PETG > PLA
  • Printing speed:
  • Offensiveness (odor, VOCs while printing): ABS > ASA, PA, PC
  • Acetone postprocessing: ASA/ABS only
  • Ease of sanding: PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
  • Ease of painting: PLA > PETG > ABS/ASA
  • Tendency to warp: PC > ABS/ASA > PLA > PETG
  • Hygroscopicity: PA/TPU > PETG/ABS/ASA > PLA
  • Filament density: PETG/PLA > ABS/ASA
  • Hotend temp required: PC > ABS/ASA > PETG > PLA

Polymaker

Filament Density (g/cm³) Glass transition (℃) Vicat softening (℃) Heat deflection (℃) Young's modulus XY (MPa) Young's modulus Z (MPa) Tensile strength XY (MPa) Tensile strength Z (MPa) Bending modulus XY (MPa) Charpy XY (kJ/m²)
PC-ABS 1.1 109 135 112 1835 ± 65 1677 ± 94 39.9 22.9 2081 25.8
PolyMax PC 1.19 113 117 114 2436 2150 53 41 2050 21
Polymaker PC-PBT 1.2 140 139 107 1849 1659 43 29 1934 21
Fiberon PET-CF17 1.34 79 238 148 5481 3559 66 28 4744 5
Fiberon PA6-GF25 1.2 70 191 4431 3330 85 61 4637 17
Fiberon PPS-CF10 1.29 98 268 253 5314 2790 36 32 4647 5
PolyLite PC 1.19 113 120 111 2497 2371 69 53 2640 4
Fiberon PA6-CF20 1.17 74 215 7454 4355 105 68 8339 13
Fiberon PA12-CF10 1.06 55 131 3304 1801 72 43 3535 13

Bambu

Parameter PLA Aero ASA ASA Aero PC ABS ABS-GF PETG-Trans PETG-HF PA6-CF PPA-CF PLA-CF PPS-CF PAHT-CF ASA-CF PA6-GF
Print temp ℃ 210 - 260 240 - 270 240 - 280 250 - 270 240 - 270 240 - 270 230 - 260 230 - 260 260 - 290 280 - 310 210 - 240 310 - 340 260 - 290 250 - 280 260 - 290
Print speed mm/s <180 <250 <150 <300 <300 <180 <220 <300 <100 <100 <200 <100 <100 <250 <130
Flow rate ratio 0.5-0.8 0.93-0.97 0.45-0.80
Filament density g/cm³ 1.21 1.05 0.99 1.2 1.05 1.08 1.25 1.28 1.09 1.25 1.22 1.26 1.06 1.02 1.14
Foaming rate 0-120 n/a 0-110 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Vol. expansion ratio 100 - 220 102 100 - 210
Print density g/cm³ 0.55 - 1.05 1.03 0.46 - 0.97
Tensile strength MPa 24 ± 2 37 ± 3 32 ± 4 55 ± 4 33 ± 3 36 ± 3 33 ± 4 34 ± 4 102 ± 7 168 ± 4 38 ± 4 87 ± 5 92 ± 7 34 ± 3 75 ± 6
Breaking elongation rate 2.6 ± 0.7 9.2 ± 1.4 5.1 ± 1.6 3.8 ± 0.3 10.5 ± 1.0 6.3 ± 1.2 8.2 ± 1.3 8.6 ± 1.2 5.8 ± 1.6 3.2 ± 0.4 8.4 ± 3.2 1.2 ± 0.4 8.4 ± 1.8 9.6 ± 1.4 3.9 ± 0.8
Bending modulus MPa 1690 ± 120 1920 ± 130 1510 ± 120 2310 ± 70 1880 ± 110 2860 ± 130 1610 ± 130 2050 ± 120 5460 ± 280 9860 ± 480 3950 ± 190 7160 ± 280 4230 ± 210 3740 ± 130 3670 ± 140
Bending strength MPa 45 ± 4 65 ± 5 58 ± 6 108 ± 4 62 ± 4 68 ± 4 68 ± 3 64 ± 3 151 ± 8 208 ± 6 89 ± 4 142 ± 5 125 ± 7 72 ± 5 120 ± 6
Impact strength kJ/m² 28.8 ± 1.3 41.0 ± 2.3 32.0 ± 2.5 34.8 ± 2.1 39 ± 3.6 14.5 ± 1.5 37.4 ± 3.3 31.5 ± 2.2 40.3 ± 2.5 41.7 ± 2.8 23.2 ± 3.7 27.8 ± 2.3 57.5 ± 3.4 14.0 ± 2.2 27.7 ± 2.2
Melt index g/10min 7.7 ± 0.6 7.0 ± 0.8 1.56 ± 0.5 32.2 ± 2.9 34.2 ± 3.8 7.56 ± 1.4 11.7 ± 1.5 28.2 ± 2.7 6.8 ± 0.6 8.4 ± 0.7 3.7 ± 0.6 11.48 ± 1.23 14.4 ± 2.0 1.74 ± 0.3 9.0 ± 0.8
Melting temp ℃ 153 210 204 228 200 202 228 214 223 258 165 284 225 210 219
Heat deflection temp ℃ 53 100 85 117 87 99 74 69 186 227 55 264 194 110 182
Vicat softening temp ℃ 54 106 80 119 94 103 79 70 212 232 69 268 220 108 210
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