Ergot: Difference between revisions

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Ergot is pronounced ur-git, not er-go. Highly toxic, it ought not be consumed. Properly modified, it has many uses...

Ergot: fungi of the genus Claviceps. All Claviceps species are ergot. The most well-known member is Claviceps purpurea (Latin purpuro, purple, "to adorn/beautify"), the rye ergot fungus, which is parasitic on grasses and cereals (especially rye).
- A Claviceps spore infects a flowering grass or cereal's floret. Upon connection to the vascular bundle, soft white sphacelia tissue develops. This hardens and dries into a sclerotium in the destroyed floret's husk.
- Alkaloids and lipids accumulate in the sclerotium. Dry, mature claviceps purpurea (and claviceps africana) sclerotium consist of about 2% ergot alkaloids by weight.
Alkaloid: Basic (high-pH) naturally-occurring organic compounds containing nitrogen. The "true alkaloids" are biosynthesized from amino acids and contain nitrogen in a heterocycle (a cyclic structure containing more than one element).
- Indole: The aromatic heterocycle C₈H₇N. Bicyclic pair of benzene (C₆H₆) and pyrrole (C₄H₄NH) sharing an edge. A biosynthetic precursor to the indole alkaloids, including the amino acid tryptophan and 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA).
- Tryptophan: An essential amino acid (one which cannot be biosynthesized in humans), and a precursor in humans of serotonin, melatonin, and vitamin B3. Clostridium sporogenes in the human gut metabolizes tryptophan into indole.
- Ergoline: the structural skeleton shared by ergoline alkaloids. Also a tanning bed by JK Products (pronounced differently).

L-Tryptophan C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂ -> (prenylation via DMAPP from mevalonic acid, catalyzed by DMATS)
- DMAT(S): dimethylallyltryptophan (synthetase)
4-L-DMAT -> (N-methylation via SAM, catalyzed by EasF)
4-DMA-L-abrine -> (decarboxylation+oxidation via EasC, catalyzed by EasE)
Chanoclavine-I -> (oxidation via EasD)
Chanoclavine-I-aldehyde (a D₂ dopamine receptor stimulant) ->
Agroclavine ->
Emiloclavine ->
Paspalic acid ->
Lysergic acid

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	Ergot is pronounced er-~~got~~, '''not''' er-go. Highly toxic, it ought not be consumed. Properly modified, it has many uses...		Ergot is pronounced ur-git, '''not''' er-go. Highly toxic, it ought not be consumed. Properly modified, it has many uses...

	* '''Ergot''': fungi of the genus Claviceps. All Claviceps species are ergot. The most well-known member is Claviceps purpurea (Latin ''purpuro'', purple, "to adorn/beautify"), the rye ergot fungus, which is parasitic on grasses and cereals (especially rye).		* '''Ergot''': fungi of the genus Claviceps. All Claviceps species are ergot. The most well-known member is Claviceps purpurea (Latin ''purpuro'', purple, "to adorn/beautify"), the rye ergot fungus, which is parasitic on grasses and cereals (especially rye).