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Microarchitectures
From dankwiki
Microarchitecture is defined as those elements of a CPU design which are, to first order, invisible to application programmers (ie, not part of the instruction set). Those elements which are visible comprise the architecture.
x86 μarchitectures
FIXME: add early clones (NEC V20/V30, etc), AMD, VIA, Cyrix etc...
FIXME: add variants (80188, embedded 80386's, etc)
| Name | Maker | Date | Process (min) | Package | ALU/data bits | Addr bits | Clock(s) | ISA | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8086 | Intel | 1978 | 3.2 μm | 40-pin DIP | 16 | 20 | 4.77--10 MHz | x86-16 | Segmented memory
Optional 80-bit 8087 FP coprocessor |
| 8088 | Intel | 1979 | 3.2 μm (?) | 40-pin DIP
44-pin PLCC |
16/8 | 20 | 4.77--10 MHz | x86-16 | Designed for use with 8-bit externals
Used in IBM PC-5150 / XT-5160 / PCjr-4860 |
| 80186 | Intel | 1980 | 2.6 μm | 68-pin PLCC 68-pin PGA 100-pin PQFP |
16 | 20 | 6--25 MHz | 8086-2 | Designed for embedded systems (clock, PIC, DMA on-die) |
| 80286 | Intel | 1982 | 1.5 μm | 68-pin PGA 68-pin CLCC 68-pin PLCC |
16 | 24 | 4--12.5 MHz | 8086-2 | Introduced protected mode/MMU
Used in the IBM AT-5170 |
| 80386-DX | Intel | 1985 | CHMOS III 1.5 µm CHMOS IV 1 µm |
132-pin PGA 132-pin PQFP |
32 | 32 | 12--33 MHz | x86-32 | Introduced paging, VM86, flat memory Optional 80287 or 80387 FP Support for external caches |
| 80386-SX | Intel | 1988 | CHMOS IV 1 µm | PQFP-100 PGA-88 |
32/16 | 24 | 16--33 MHz | x86-32 | Optional 80387SX (16-bit) FP |
| 80386-SL | Intel | 1990 | CHMOS IV 1 µm | PQFP-132 | 32/16 | 24 | 20--25 MHz | x86-32 | Designed for mobile/low-power systems Added System Management Mode |
Instruction sets
- x86-16: The granddaddy of 'em all
- 8086-2: Added ENTER/LEAVE, PUSHA/POPA, INS/OUTS
Physical Packages
- DIP (dual in-line package): 2 parallel rows of pins
- PGA (pin grid array): Regularly-spaced pins in rectangular geometry
- CLCC (ceramic leadless chip carrier): Regularly-spaced metallized castellations in rectangular geometry
- PLCC (plastic lead chip carrier): Regularly-spaced J-leads in rectangular geometry, surface- or package-mounted
- PQFP (plastic quad flat pack): Regularly-spaced side leads in rectangular geometry, designed for surface mounting
References
- A CPU History, David Risley, PCMECH, 2001-03-23
- An Outline of Developments in Intel CPU Architecture, Benjamin MJ Hodgson, University of Southampton, 2007-03-14
- The Red Hill CPU Guide, Red Hill Technology
- Intel 80286 Programmer's Reference Manual, Intel, 1987
- 80186 AMD Datasheet, Advanced Micro Devices, 1991-11-01
- Hermetic Package information, Intersil
- Packages, Evergreen Semiconductor Materials
- Microprocessor/Co-processor/Microcontroller families, CPU World
