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Unicode Math
From dankwiki
Unicode admits a plaintext encoding of mathematics approaching that of MathML or LaTeX. This encoding, UnicodeMath, is Unicode Technical Note 28. This ought not be confused with the CTAN unicode-math package.
As of 2024-01, the current revision is 3.2, last updated 2023-04-13.
It is intended that word processors and other tools render Unicode Math in a "builtup" format (this requires symbols with different baselines, stretched grouping operators, etc.). It ought be possible to roundtrip from Unicode Math to builtup format and back to Unicode Math without loss of meaningful content.