Check out my first novel, midnight's simulacra!
Power Management
From dankwiki
Matthew Garrett's "Observations on Power Management" is a great intro.
Implementations
- APM (Advanced Power Management): All PM policy/mechanism resides within the BIOS
- Motivated by, largely relevant only to laptops
- apmd debian package
- No longer supported in Vista. Off by default in recent Debian kernels.
- ACPI: Current, often buggy (but also often easily repairable via BIOS flash or by hand)
- C-States, which are decomposable into P-States and T-States
- P4 Thermal Throttling: Slows down or shuts off the processor based on CPU temperature
- Adjustment is either via idle cycle insertion or lowering the clock multiplier
Batteries
- upower can be used to get battery details, if its daemon is running:
upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT1
native-path: BAT1
vendor: SMP
model: 01AV452
serial: 5642
power supply: yes
updated: Sun 15 Jul 2018 12:33:08 PM EDT (104 seconds ago)
has history: yes
has statistics: yes
battery
present: yes
rechargeable: yes
state: discharging
warning-level: none
energy: 15.94 Wh
energy-empty: 0 Wh
energy-full: 24.54 Wh
energy-full-design: 24 Wh
energy-rate: 7.994 W
voltage: 11.405 V
time to empty: 2.0 hours
percentage: 66%
capacity: 100%
technology: lithium-polymer
icon-name: 'battery-full-symbolic'
History (charge):
1531672388 66.000 discharging
History (rate):
1531672388 7.994 discharging
CPU Frequency
- On Linux, cpufreq-info provides lots of good information:
[recombinator](0) $ cpufreq-info
cpufrequtils 004: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2006
Report errors and bugs to cpufreq@lists.linux.org.uk, please.
analyzing CPU 0:
driver: acpi-cpufreq
CPUs which need to switch frequency at the same time: 0
hardware limits: 1.60 GHz - 2.39 GHz
available frequency steps: 2.39 GHz, 1.60 GHz
available cpufreq governors: ondemand, performance
current policy: frequency should be within 1.60 GHz and 2.39 GHz.
The governor "ondemand" may decide which speed to use
within this range.
current CPU frequency is 1.60 GHz.
cpufreq stats: 2.39 GHz:27.25%, 1.60 GHz:72.75% (78631)
analyzing CPU 1:
driver: acpi-cpufreq
CPUs which need to switch frequency at the same time: 1
hardware limits: 1.60 GHz - 2.39 GHz
available frequency steps: 2.39 GHz, 1.60 GHz
available cpufreq governors: ondemand, performance
current policy: frequency should be within 1.60 GHz and 2.39 GHz.
The governor "ondemand" may decide which speed to use
within this range.
current CPU frequency is 1.60 GHz.
cpufreq stats: 2.39 GHz:4.32%, 1.60 GHz:95.68% (19387)
[recombinator](0) $
- You can get C-state latency information from /proc/acpi/processor/*/power:
[wopr](0) $ cat /proc/acpi/processor/CP10/power
active state: C0
max_cstate: C8
maximum allowed latency: 2000000000 usec
states:
C1: type[C1] promotion[--] demotion[--] latency[032] usage[02035391] duration[00000000000000000000]
C2: type[C2] promotion[--] demotion[--] latency[064] usage[01050475] duration[00000000000624232458]
C3: type[C2] promotion[--] demotion[--] latency[096] usage[150501625] duration[00000020175094863449]
[wopr](0) $
- On FreeBSD, sysctls from the dev.cpu and debug.cpufreq MIB hierarchies are your window into frequency control. See cpufreq(4).
Disks/Filesystems
- noatime -- critical for all kinds of things! don't believe me; trust ingo molnár:
i cannot over-emphasise how much of a deal it is in practice. Atime
updates are by far the biggest IO performance deficiency that Linux has
today. Getting rid of atime updates would give us more everyday Linux
performance than all the pagecache speedups of the past 10 years,
_combined_.
it's also perhaps the most stupid Unix design idea of all times. Unix is
really nice and well done, but think about this a bit:
' For every file that is read from the disk, lets do a ... write to
the disk! And, for every file that is already cached and which we
read from the cache ... do a write to the disk! '
tell that concept to any rookie programmer who knows nothing about
kernels and the answer will be: 'huh, what? That's gross!'. And Linux
does this unconditionally for everything, and no, it's not only done on
some high-security servers that need all sorts of auditing enabled that
logs every file read - no, it's done by 99% of the Linux desktops and
servers. For the sake of some lazy mailers that could now be using
inotify, and for the sake of ... nothing much, really - forensics
software perhaps.
- SATA link state management? what is this? seen in powertop output
- turning up the writeback time / disk head parking / other debatable techniques
Workload Distribution
- The /sys/devices/system/cpu/sched_smt_power_savings tunable causes tasks (under light load) to be preferentially distributed across processing elements (ie including SMT units) and cores of physical packages (as opposed to packages themselves).
- The /sys/devices/system/cpu/sched_mc_power_savings tunable does the same, but doesn't apply to SMT.
- Task migration has overhead and associated architecture warmup (ie, caches, branch prediction and hardware prefetching). How is this affected? FIXME
Networking
Wired
- Disable Wake-on-LAN if it's not being used: ethtool -s DEVICE wol d
Wireless
- PS-Poll (PowerSave Poll) turns the radio off longer in exchange for higher latencies (only when it's disabled, though)
- Requires support from access point
- Auto-association / aggressive scanning, especially when wireless is not being used
- MAC80211_DEFAULT_PS, introduced in the 2.6.32 development cycle, sets wireless powersaving by default
- Use latency requirement registration (Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt) for applications which need it
See Also
- P4 Thermal Throttling at Van's Hardware Journal
- P4 Thermal Throttling at Hardware Secrets
- linux.com article on hibernate and suspend
- lesswatts.org article on power-aware scheduling for multicores
- lesswatts.org article on wireless power-saving
